0 range  Oudd  company 


Archery 


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LIBRARY 
OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


. 1 |*  New  York  : 

ij  ORANGE  JUDD  COMPANY, 
245  BROADWAY. 

' 

h 

1 ' ' 


ARCHERY  IN  SETS. 

Heretofore  a satisfactory  outfit  of  Archery , owing  to  the  goods  having  to  be  im- 
ported, has  cost  so  much  that  many  have  been  prevented  from  engaging  in  this 
sport.  We  give  below,  for  the  benefit  of  our  friends,  a series  of  sets , with  prices 
which  will  show  what  may  be  had  for  a given  sum  in  each  case. 


No.  1 -Set  for  THE  CHILDREN. 

1 3 ft.  Bow,  Second  Growth  Ash,  Varnished,  Japan  Center,  and  Nickel-Plated 
Tips ; 

% Dozen  Arrows,  16  in.  long,  Two  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  and 
r Nocks,  Varnished  ; 


1 Target,  12  in.  diameter,  Extra  Quality  ; 

34  Dozen  Paper  Target  Faces,  Finely  Finished  ; 

1 Target  Stand,  3 ft.  high,  Plain  Varnished  Wood,  White  Ash  • 

1 Quiver  and  B.-lt.  Nicely  Finished  ; 

Ann  Guard,  and  1 Set  of  Finger  Tips  ; 

34  Dozen  Fine  Bow  Strings. 

These  will  be  sent  by  Express  on  receipt  of  $7.00.  If  Bow,  Arrows , and  Target 
only  are  wanted , they  will  be  sent  for  $2.75. 


No.  2 —Set  for  THE  YOUNG  FOLKS. 

1 Fine  4 ft.  6 in.  Bow,  Second  Growth  Ash,  Stained  and  Polished,  Nickel- 
Plated  Center  and  Tips  ; 

% Dozen  Arrows,  24  in.  long.  Two  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  and 
Nocks,  Stained,  Striped,  and  Varnished; 

1 Target,  21  in.  diameter.  Extra  Quality  ; 

>4  Dozen  Paper  Target  Faces,  Finely  Finished  ; 

1 Target  Stand,  4 ft.  6 in.  high.  Plain  Varnished  Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
Legs  ; 1 Quiver  and  Belt,  12  in.  long  ; Arm  Guard  ard  Set  of  Finger  Tips ; 
l4  Dozen  Fine  Bow  Strings. 

These  will  be  sent  by  Express  on  receipt  of  $9.75.  If  Bow.  Arrows , and  Target 
only  are  wanted , they  will  be  sent  for  $5.25. 


No.  3.— Set  for  THE  WHOLE  FAMILY. 


1 Bow,  3 ft.,  Second  Growth  Ash,  Varnished  Japan  Center,  and  Nickel- 
Plated  Tips; 

1 Bow.  4 ft.  6 in.,  Second  Growth  Ash,  Stained  and  Polished,  Nickel-Plated 
Center  and  Tips  ; 

1 Bow,  5 ft.  6 in..  Self-Lance  Wood,  Highly  Finished,  Nickel-Plated  Center 
and  Tips; 

>4  Dozen  Arrows,  20  in.  long,  Two  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  and 
Nocks,  Varnished ; 

>4  Dozen  Arrows,  24  in.  long,  Two  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  and 
Nocks,  Varnished  ; i 

34  Dozen  Arrows,  28  in.  long,  Two  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Nickel-Plated  Points 
and  Nocks,  Highly  Finished  ; 

2 Targets,  36  in.  diameter,  Extra  Quality  ; 

1 Target  Stand,  4 ft.  6 in.  high.  Plain  Varnished  Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
Legs  ; 1 Target  Stand,  5 ft.  6 in.  high.  Plain  Varnished  Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
Legs;  l4  Dozen  Assorted  Quivers  and  Belts,  Fine  Quality; 

14  Dozen  Arm  Guards,  and  34  Dozen  Finger  Tips  ; 

34  Dozen  Paper  Target  Faces;  34  Dozen  Fine  Bow  Strings,  Assorted. 

These  will  be  sent  by  Express  on  receipt  of  $29.00. 

No.  4.—  Set  for  THE  ARCHER. 

1 Bow,  6 ft.  long.  Self-Lance  Wood,  Highly  Finished,  Nickel-Plated  Center 
and  Tips.  Weight  [the  power  required  to  draw]  from  35  to  50  pounds ; 

1 Dozen  Arrows,  28  in.  long,  Three  Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Nickle-Plated  Point-3 
and  Nocks,  Ebonized  and  Gilt; 

1 Target,  42  in.  diameter.  Extra  Quality ; 

34  Dozen  Oil  Cloth  Target  Faces,  First  Quality  ; 

34  Dozen  Paper  Target  Faces,  Finely  Finished  ; 

1 Target  Stand.  6 ft.  high,  Painted,  Striped,  and  Varnished,  White  Ash,  antli 
Folding  Legs  : 1 Quiver  and  Belt,  16  in.  long  ; Arm  Guard  and  Finger  Tips  ; ; 

1 Dozen  Fine  Bow  Strings. 

These  will  be  sent  by  Express  on  receipt  of  $35.00. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  we  have  made  up  the  above  sets  simply  for  the  con- 
venience of  our  patrons.  They  can  of  course  be  varied,  to  suit  the  wishes  of  the  pur- 
chaser. and  sets  can  be  supplied  costing  from  $3.75  to  $75.00. 

ORANGE  JUDD  CO.,' 245  BROADWAY,  N.  Y 


LIBRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 


LIBRARY 
OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

THE 


ARCHERY. 


NEW  YORK: 

ORANGE  JUDD  COMPANY, 

345  BROADWAY. 

1 8 7 9. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1879,  by  the 
ORANGE  JUDD  COMPANY, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 


REMOTE  STORAGE 


WHAT  EXERCISE  DO  YOUR  BOYS  AND  GIRLS 
TAKE? 

There  are  Gradgrinds  of  both  sexes  who  may  say  that 
“ my  boys  get  enough  exercise  in  doing  the  chores  all  the 
year,  and  as  soon  as  spring  opens  they  can  get  it  behind 
the  plow  and  harrow,  or,  later,  in  the  hay  and  harvest 
fields  ; they  are  tired  enough  with  the  exercise  of  their 
work.”  As  to  the  girls,  it  maybe  said:  “The  daily 
routine  of  the  house,  the  sweeping  and  dusting,  the  table 
setting,  and  the  dish- washing,  give  a plenty  of  exercise  : 
but  if  they  need  any  more  they  can  help  on  washing  days, 
and  find  a use  for  all  their  strength.” — We  would  not  say 
that  the  ideas  implied  in  these  answers  are  the  rule,  but 
that  it  is  far  too  generally  the  case  that  mere  work  is 
looked  upon  as  exercise,  and  that  it  will  at  all  answer  for 
or  accomplish  the  purpose  of  exercise  as  recreation.  For 
exercise  to  be  beneficial  it  must  not  only  be  of  a kind  un- 
like the  usual  daily  occupation,  but  it  must  have  the  co- 
operation of  the  mind.  Mere  muscular  movement,  that 
is  not  work,  but  made  solely  for  exercise,  without  engag- 
ing the  mind  also,  is  of  very  little  use.  Many  years  ago 
the  writer  lived  in  the  city,  and  in  that  portion  of  it 
where  there  were  numerous  (and  very  high-priced)  schools 
for  young  ladies.  In  these  schools  a part  of  the  regular 
programme  was  the  morning  and  afternoon  walk.  These 
girls  went  out  in  pairs,  the  youngest  in  front  and  mar- 
shalled by  two  or  more  teachers.  One  teacher  at  the 


5 


6 


THE  ARCHERY. 


“ head  of  the  column  ” regulated  the  pace,  the  other  at 
the  rear  kept  an  eye  on  all  in  front  of  her.  To  see  these 
poor  girls,  each  pair  at  a stated  distance  from  the  pair  in 
front,  and  fated  to  look  at  their  shoulders — for  looking  to 
the  right  or  left  would  be  seen  by  the  “ rear  guard  ” and 
reported  at  headquarters  ; to  watch  them  as  they  moved 
along  at  a snail’s  pace — the  pace  governed  by  that  of  the 
smallest  child — up  one  street  and  down  the  other,  and 
back  home — this  done  morning  and  evening,  day  in  and 
day  out — seemed  to  us  a most  melancholy  burlesque  upon 
exercise,  and  was  probably  as  near  the  real  thing  as  the 
mental  cramming  which  the  poor  girls  received  was  to 
education.  If  those  girls  could  have  had  only  a city  back- 
yard where  they  could  have  taken  exercise  as  they  pleased 
without  the  horrid  formality  of  these  walks — what  a dif-  - 
ference.  We  hold  that  exercise  is  of  little  value  which 
works  the  body  and  neglects  the  mind.  The  side-walk 
promenades  referred  to  presented  only  so  many  squares  to 
be  walked  around.  Suppose  that  the  same  distance  had 
been  accomplished  in  the  country,  with  at  the  end  a lo- 
cality where  Bluets,  wild  Violets  and  Spring  Beauty 
could  be  gathered  ! It  being  admitted  that  the  mind 
must  be  concerned  as  well  as  the  body,  if  we  would  have 
useful  exercise,  the  question  presents  itself  how  can  this 
be  best  accomplished.  The  utility  of  rambles,  with  flow- 
ers as  the  object,  has  been  alluded  to,  and  other  branches 
of  natural  history  offer  the  same  advantages.  But  it  is 
desirable  to  have  exercise  and  recreation  nearer  home  ; 
something  that  requires  little  or  no  preparation,  and  at 
the  same  time  something  in  which  the  boys  and  girls 
(both  old  and  young),  and  those  of  the  neighbors, 
too,  if  need  be,  may  join.  It  was  because  it  offer- 
ed all  these  that  Croquet  acquired  its  popularity  so 
suddenly,  and  retained  it  so  long.  It  not  only  is 
a social  exercise,  but,  in  requiring  some  skill,  occu- 
pied the  mind  in  the  endeavor  to  accomplish  something 


THE  ARCHERY. 


7 


— to  get  the  better  of  the  opposite  players.  But,  like  all 
good  things,  Croquet  lias  had  its  day,  and  there  is  a de- 
sire for  something  new.  In  England,  the  leading  out- 
door games,  be- 
sides Croquet,  are 
Lawn  Tennis  and 
Archery.  Lawn 
Tennis,  probably 
for  the  reason  that 
it  requires  consid- 
erable preparation 
and  some  one  who 
knows  the  laws  of 
the  game  to  in- 
struct others,  seems 
to  have  taken  very 
little  foothold  in 
this  country.  Arch- 
ery, on  the  other 
hand,  is  yearly  in- 
creasing in  popu- 
larity. As  affording 
exercise  for  both 
body  and  mind — 
as  being  a social 
game,  admitting  of 
any  number  of  par- 
ticipants — as  a 
home  game,  one 
that  is  possible  on 
the  lawn,  or  else- 
where close  at  hand ; 

— as  a game  for ' 
which  the  outfit  is 

not  costly — it,  in  fact,  meets  every  possible  requirement. 
As  a family  game  that  shall  furnish  recreation,  that  shall 


8 


THE  ARCHERY. 


be  as  far  removed  from  work  as  possible  ; and  to  be  par- 
ticipated in  because,  and  for  that  reason  only,  it  is  a most 
desirable  exercise  for  both  body  and  mind.  The  kind  of 
exercise  atforded  by  the  use  of  the  bow  is  unlike  that  in 
most  other  out-door  amusements.  It  brings  into  play  the 
muscles  of  both  arms,  aids  in  developing  the  chest, 
and  leads  to  an  erect  and  graceful  carriage  of  the  body. 
An  archery  party  (see  frontispiece)  is  attractive  to  the 
spectators,  as  the  outfit  and  the  positions  taken  by  the 
players  are  exceedingly  picturesque  and  pleasing.  We 
have  frequently  referred  to  the  mental  exercise,  hold- 
ing that  to  be  quite  as  important  as  the  other.  'Archery 
affords  this  in  an  unusual  degree,  for,  besides  the  excite- 


OLD  STYLE  BOW,  STRUNG. 


ment  of  rivalry,  the  desire  to  excel  another,  the  condi- 
tions of  success  must  be  considered,  and  this  will  lead 
those  who  desire  to  excel  to  consider  under  what  condi- 
tions the  best  shots  are  made.  Besides  this,  while  Arch- 
ery is  now  merely  a game,  it  was  formerly  an  art.  The 
history  of  the  bow,  not  only  as  a weapon  of  war,  but  as 
the  only  one  used  in  the  hunt,  opens  up  an  interesting 
period  of  time,  and  those  so  inclined  will  find  the  an- 


OLD  STYLE  BOW,  UNSTRUNG. 


nals  of  Archery  most  attractive.  In  view  of  the  revival 
of  Archery — in  fact,  it  promises  to  be  the  coming  home 
exercise  or  game — a number  of  persons  have  been  at  work 
devising  new  and  attractive  forms  of  the  bow,  arrow,  and 
other  accessories.  Several  of  these  new  designs  in  Arch- 
ery have  been  presented  to  the  Orange  Judd  Company, 
no  doubt  because  they  are  widely  known  as  agents  for 


THE  ARCHERY. 


9 


Crandall’s  Blocks,  the  most  popular  toys  of  the  age. 
One  of  these  new  styles  of  Bows  and  accessories — that  in- 
vented by  Wright  & Thorne — seemed  to  possess  so  many 
novel  and  useful  features  that  they  have  undertaken  the 


NEW  STYLE  BOW,  STRUNG. 


sale  of  them.  The  particulars  in  which  the  bow — of 
course,  the  most  important  part  of  the  outfit — differs 
from  other  bows,  will  be  seen  in  the  engravings  on  pages 
8 and  9.  We  may  suggest,  besides  the  home  exer- 
cise of  Archery — and  we  believe  in  home  amusements 
before  all  others — the  formation  of  Archery  Clubs,  to 


NEW  STYLE  BOW,  IN  SECTION. 

meet  at  stated  times,  to  adopt  some  simple  uniform,  and 
to  exercise  for  some  inexpensive  prize.  Such  clubs  greatly 
conduce  to  good  feeling,  and  as  they  create  a community 
feeling,  make  better  neighbors.  Let  our  young  people 
— yea,  let  all — try  Archery. 


10 


THE  ARCHERY. 


ARCHERY,  PAST  AND  PRESENT. 


Before  man  learned  to  till  the  soil,  he  lived  as  a herds- 
man, and  before  he  learned  to  tame  animals,  he  lived  as  a 
hunter.  In  this  stage  of  civilization  he  was  wholly  de- 
pendent on  the  bow  for  his  food  and  for  his  safety. 
The  hunting  stage,  however,  though  low  in  the  scale  of 
civilization,  is  by  no  means  identical  with  savage  life. 
Many  of  the  native  Indian  tribes  of  America  were  hunters 
when  first  discovered,  and  yet,  their  life  showed,  in  many 
important  points,  a considerable  degree  of  organization. 
Moreover,  a most  remarkable  progress  may  be  observed 
during  the  hunting  stage  itself,  marked  out  by  the  inven- 
tion of  the  bow.  The  bow  was  not  the  first  weapon 
with  which  man  hunted.  Before  he  had  the  bow,  he  used 
the  sling.  But  the  most  superficial  comparison  between 
these  two  weapons  shows  the  distance  between  them. 
With  the  sling  man  is  still  at  war  with  nature  ; with  the 
bow  the  victory  is  won,  and  he  begins  to  command.  The 
first  feeling  of  freedom,  the  first  vague  idea  of  something 
higher  than  killing  an  animal  and  eating  it,  man  owes  to 
the  bow.  The  sling  was  only  a device,  though  cunning 
enough  ; the  bow  is  an  instrument  capable  of  improve- 
ment. From  its  first  crude  form  to  its  most  perfected 
shape,  it  has  run  through  a long  series  of  changes,  and 
the  observations  and  reflections  which  called  forth  these 
improvements,  mean,  perhaps,  a good  deal  more  in  the 
history  of  the  human  race,  than  the  bow  itself.  As  a 
rule,  the  idea  is  worth  ten  times  more  than  any  of  its 
individual  realizations  ; the  invention  of  the  telegraph  is 
a very  small  thing,  in  comparison  with  the  discovery  of 
electro-magnetism.  By  degrees  as  man  rose  from  the 
hunting  to  the  herding,  and  from  the  herding  to  the  till- 
ing stage  ; the  bow  ceased  to  be  his  only,  or  even  his  prin- 


THE  ARCHERY. 


11 


cipal  means  of  subsistence.  But  while  the  sling  and 
other  such  rude  contrivances  were  thrown  aside  and  for- 
gotten, or  made  into  mere  playthings,  the  bow,  the  first 
real  instrument  man  invented,  and  by  itself,  as  important 
an  invention  as  the  yoke  and  the  plow,  was  retained, 
and  in  the  much  more  complex  organization  which  life 
now  assumed,  it  was  set  apart  as  the  means  of  safety. 
The  patriarch  had  in  the  tribe  which  he  led,  a number  of 
men  skilled  in  archery,  not  to  watch  the  flocks,  but  to 
guard  and  defend  the  whole  family,  and  in  the  very  midst 
of  the  patriarchal  tribe,  this  first  germ  of  modern  society, 
we  see  the  archer  gradually  develop  into  the  soldier,  with 
all  those  instincts  of  courage  and  ambition,  of  magna- 
nimity and  pride,  which  naturally  awaken  in  him,  whose 
duty  it  is  to  protect  the  weaker.  For  a long  time  the  his- 
tory of  archery  is  the  history  of  soldiery,  and  though  new 
means,  both  of  attack  and  defence,  were  discovered,  the 
archer  continued  to  form  one  of  the  principal  constitu- 
ents of  an  army  up  to  the  time  of  the  invention  of  gun- 
powder. In  the  Assyrian  and  Egyptian  representations 
of  battle  scenes,  made  thousands  of  years  before  our  era^ 
the  archer  is  the  principal  figure.  In  classic  mythology, 
the  brightest  and  loftiest  ideals  of  divinity,  Apollo  and 
Cupid,  are  represented  with  bow  and  quiver.  In  the  old- 
est historical  records  we  have,  the  Old  Testament  and 
Herodotus,  no  battle  is  described  without  mention  being 
made  of  the  darkening  clouds  of  arrows.  Often  one  good 
archer  was  reckoned  more  worth  as  an  ally,  than  a thou- 
sand common  fighters.  When  the  Norwegian  king,  Olaf 
Trygvason,  was  attacked  at  Svold,  1000  A.D.,  by  the 
Danish  and  Swedish  kings,  he  trusted  most  to  his  ship, 
the  largest  ever  seen  in  the  northern  seas,  but  next  to 
Einar  Tambeskj elver,  the  most  famous  Scandinavian 
archer.  Einar  stood  behind  him  and  every  time  he  heard 
the  ring  of  Einar’s  bow,  he  felt  his  strength  grow 
stronger,  for  he  knew  that  there  now  was  one  foe  less. 


12 


THE  ARCHERY. 


But  suddenly  lie  heard  a singular  crash  or  smash. 
“What  is  it?”  he  cried.  “It  was  the  Kingdom  of 
Norway  which  fell  out  of  thy  hand,”  answered  Einar, 
and  showed  him  the  bursted  bow.  In  this  strain  history 
goes  on,  far  down  in  the  middle  ages.  Whenever  there 
is  a battle, 

“ At  once  ten  thousand  bow-strings  ring, 

Ten  thousand  arrows  fly  ! ” 

Yea,  during  the  retreat  from  Moscow,  in  1814,  the 
French  army  was  much  harrassed  by  a corps  of  Tartar 
archers  from  the  interior  of  Asia,  and  several  times 
thrown  into  panic,  as  for  instance,  in  the  battle  of  Kras- 
noi,  because  the  Tartar’s  arrows  dropped  into  the  French 
ranks  from  beyond  the  reach  of  a musket  bullet. 

It  was  especially  in  England  that  archery  was  cultivated 
during  the  middle  ages,  and  several  of  the  most  brilliant 
battles  which  the  English  people  have  fought,  were  won 
by  its  archers.  The  French  early  adopted  the  cross-bow, 
an  awkward  attempt  to  make  a shot  gun  without  gun- 
powder, but  the  English  steadily  clung  to  the  long-bow. 
It  became  something  almost  sacred  to  them,  and  from 
the  pulpit  Latimer  pronounced  the  art  of  archery  a 
“singular  benefit  of  God.”  The  government  did  every- 
thing in  its  power  to  encourage  the  practice.  Edward 
IV.  ordered  that  every  man  should  keep  a bow  of  his  own 
hight,  made  of  ewe,  wych,  hazel,  ash,  or  awburne,  ac- 
cording to  his  strength  ; that  shooting-matches  or  shoot- 
ing-exercises should  be  held  in  every  parish  on  every 
feast-day,  and  that  every  man  of  the  parish,  between  fifteen 
and  fifty  years,  should  make  a certain  number  of  shots  on 
these  days,  under  penalty  of  a fine,  etc.  E ven  under  Henry 
VIII.  every  man  between  sixteen  and  sixty,  excepting 
ministers  and  justices,  was,  by  law,  compelled  to  keep  a 
bow  and  arrows,  and  care  was  taken  that  the  fields  in  the 
vicinity  of  London  should  not  become  so  enclosed  or 
overgrown  by  trees  as  to  embarrass  the  practising.  Under 


THE  ARCHERY. 


13 


such  circumstances  it  is  not  to  bo  wondered  at  that  it 
should  be  England  which  produced  the  poetical  hero  of 
archery,  Kobin  Hood.  The  real  Robin  Hood  might,  per- 
haps, not  be  exactly  to  our  taste  ; he  was  an  outlaw,  a 
robber,  a murderer,  and  the  chief  of  a gang  of  men  who 
all  resembled  him  more  or  less.  But  what  of  violence 
and  coarseness  there  may  have  characterized  the  out- 
law, it  has  been  forgiven  and  forgotten,  and  only 
that  which  characterized  the  mythical  hero,  his 
rough  sense  of  justice,  his  sympathy  with  the  poor, 
his  magnanimity  towards  the  weak,  has  been  remem- 
bered. More  has  been  added  by  imagination,  until  his 
life  has  become  a complete  myth,  and  such  as  he  now 
lives  in  the  “Garland  of  Ballads,55  he  is  the  incarnation 
of  the  poetry  of  archery.  He  was  born  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  III.,  about  1225,  at  Loxley  Chase,  near  Sheffield, 
in  Yorkshire,  and  he  is  said  to  have  been  born  an  Earl 
of  Huntingdon.  When  he  was  fifteen  years  old  he  went 
one  day  to  Nottingham  to  “dine  with  the  general,'5  but 
on  the  road  he  fell  in  with  fifteen  old  foresters.  Half  in 
mockery,  the  foresters  proposed  to  make  a bet  about  who 
would  make  the  best  shot  with  his  bow,  and  when  Robin 
won  the  bet  they  refused  to  pay,  and  provoked  him  with 
their  impertinence  and  harsh  threats.  Enraged  he  drew 
his  bow  and  shot  them  down,  all  fifteen,  one  by  one. 
They  were  buried  in  the  cemetery  of  Nottingham,  in  a 
long  row,  but  the  people  of  the  city  stood  up  and  pursued 
the  murderer.  Robin  now  took  to  the  woods,  Sherwood 
Forest,  in  the  County  of  Trent.  This  region  was  well 
known  for  its  rebellious  spirit.  Since  the  days  of  the  con- 
quest it  had  always  had  its  outlaws,  and  a number  of  such 
desperadoes  soon  gathered  around  the  Earl  of  Hunting- 
don as  their  acknowledged  head.  “ You  need  not  be 
over  anxious,55  he  said  to  them,  “for  we  shall  do  well 
enough.  See  that  you  do  no  harm  to  any  husbandman 
that  tills  with  the  plough,  nor  to  any  good  yeoman,  nor 


14 


THE  ARCHERY. 


to  any  knight  or  squire  that  is  a good  fellow  ; but  bishops 
and  archbishops,  those  rich  ecclesiastics  that  live  upon 
the  fat  of  the  land,  and  subsist  by  plundering  the  poor, 
you  may  beat  and  bind  them.  The  High  Sheriff  of  Not- 
tingham too,  you  may  bear  in  mind,  for  he  is  no  friend  of 
any  of  us.  ” What  part  Robin  Hood  took  in  the  political 
feuds  of  his  time,  and  how  much  truth  there  is  in  his  ad- 
ventures, can  only  be  conjectured,  but  the  freshness  and 
humor  of  the  bright  sunshine,  in  the  open  air,  and  the 
romantic  fascinations  of  the  twilight  and  stillness  of  the 
summer  forest,  always  accompany  him  from  ballad  to 
ballad,  and  do  not  leave  him  even  at  the  door  of  death. 
He  died  as  the  victim  of  some  despicable  treachery,  of 
course.  But  before  he  died,  he  roused  himself,  and  made 
one  more  mighty  shot,  and  there,  where  the  arrow  fell, 
“ there  you  shall  bury  me.” 

After  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.,  archery  rapidly  declin- 
ed in  England,  and  when  the  musket  was  adopted  for  the 
infantry  of  the  army,  the  yeomen  began  to  neglect  the 
bows,  and  the  public  shooting-grounds,  with  their  butts 
and  other  accoutrements,  disappeared.  As  a sport,  how- 
ever, archery  still  retained  its  hold  on  the  interest  of  the 
English  people.  Archery  societies  were  formed  and 
prospered.  Their  shooting-matches  belong  to  the  most 
brilliant  social  gatherings  in  English  life,  and  though 
these  societies  naturally  have  assumed  a somewhat  ex- 
clusive character,  they  enjoy,  nevertheless,  great  popular 
favor  and  command  a good  deal  of  interest.  When,  in 
1792,  Mahmud  Effendi,  Secretary  of  a Turkish  Embassy 
to  the  Court  of  St.  James,  shot  one  arrow  four  hundred 
and  fifteen  yards  against  the  wind,  and  another,  four 
hundred  and  eighty-two  yards  with  the  wind,  in  a field 
behind  Bedford  House,  London,  before  the  members 
of  the  Royal  Toxophilite  Society,  the  feat  immediately 
became  the  talk  of  the  day  all  over  England.  The  oldest 
of  these  societies  is  the  “ Royal  Edinburgh  Archers.”  It 


THE  ARCHERY. 


15 


was  founded  in  the  reign  of  James  I.,  and  holds  a royal 
charter  which  forms  its  members  into  the  king’s  body- 
guard as  soon  as  he  comes  within  five  miles  of  the  city  of 
Edinburgh.  It  numbers  more  than  one  thousand  mem- 
bers, and  its  annual  sliooting-match  is  a magnificent  dis- 
play, the  members  marching  to  the  ground  through  the 
streets  of  Edinburgh,  under  their  own  colors,  presented 
to  the  society  in  1832,  by  his  majesty,  and  preceded  by 
their  own  symbol,  a huge  bow,  from  whose  one  corner 
the  royal  purse  is  suspended.  The  nominal  prize  con- 
tended for  is  the  “Archer’s  Bowl,”  a great  silver  bowl 
which  is  kept  in  the  Archers’  Hall,  and  on  which  the 
name  of  the  winner  is  engraved.  The  real  prize  is  a purse 
of  twenty  guineas  furnished  by  the  crown,  for  which  the 
winner  is  expected  to  buy  some  piece  of  plate  decorated 
with  archery  ornaments.  The  “Woodmen  of  the  Forest 
of  Arden,”  also  a very  old  society,  was  the  first  to  invite 
ladies  to  become  active  members,  an  idea  which  very  soon 
was  adopted  by  other  societies,  as,  indeed,  the  archery 
ground  gathers  the  two  sexes  together  under  much  more 
pleasant  and  much  nobler  auspices  than  either  the 
ball-room  or  the  drawing-room.  The  “ Woodmen  of  the 
Forest  of  Arden,”  have  three  prizes  exclusively  for  ladies, 
and  so  have  several  of  the  other  societies.  The  “ Royal 
Toxophilite  Society”  was  founded  in  1781,  by  Sir  Ash- 
ton Lever,  and  is  presided  over  by  the  queen.  It  owns  a 
magnificent  banqueting  hall,  and  large  and  beautifully 
ornamented  grounds.  Also,  in  America,  where  it  has 
only  recently  been  introduced,  archery  has  found  much 
favor.  Clubs  and  societies  have  been  formed  all  over  the 
country,  and  several  of  these  young  institutions,  such  as 
the  “ Wabash  Merry  Bowmen,”  and  the  “ Staten  Island 
Club,”  number  celebrated  archers  among  their  members. 
At  once  democratic  and  refined  in  its  character,  an  easy 
but  vigorous  exercise,  archery  is  destined  to  become  the 
national  sport  of  America. 


16 


THE  ARCHERY* 


/ 


THE  TOOLS  AND  THEIR  USE. 


The  complete  outfit  of  arms  and  gear  for  an  archery 
sporting  trip,  consists  in  a bow  with  coyer,  a dozen 
arrows  with  quiver,  a tassel,  grease-pot,  bracer,  shooting- 
glove,  and  some  strings  in  reserve,  and  a target  with 
stand  and  scoring  book.  Let  us  examine  each  of  these 
items  by  itself. 

1. — The  Bow. — See  Engravings , pages  8 and  9. 

How  to  Choose  a Bow . — Of  course,  every  one  who 
buys  a bow,  wants  to  get  a good  one.  Of  this  point,  old 
Roger  Ascham,  who  wrote  his  book  on  archery  in  1545, 
at  a time  when  archery  experience  was  still  a general  and 
living  thing,  says  : “ Therefore  shall  I tell  you  some 
fakens  in  a bowe  that  you  shall  be  the  seeldamer  deceyved. 
If  you  come  into  a shoppe  and  fynde  a bowe  that  is  small, 
long,  heavy  and  strong,  lying  streyght,  not  windyng,  not 
marred  with  knot,  gaule,  or  windeshake,  even,  freate  or 
pynche,  buy  that  bowe  of  my  warrant,”  and  that  is  about 
all  that  can  be  said.  If  the  wood  shows  clear  and  sound 
through  the  polish,  without  any  scratches  or  suspicious 
blotches,  the  bow  is  probably  good.  The  most  fatal  fault 
in  a bow  is  a freate,  but  though  freates  cannot  be  cured, 
they  can  be  avoided,  for  they  are  always  indicated  by 
a blotch,  and  they  generally  start  from  a scratch.  There 
is  one  point,  however,  to  which  the  young  archer  should 
pay  due  attention  when  choosing  a bow,  and  that  is,  to 
get  one  which  in  power  corresponds  with  his  own  strength. 
The  lightest  lady’s  bow  draws  twenty-five  pounds ; the 


THE  ARCHERY. 


17 


bow  with  which  Mahmud  Effendi  made  his  famous  shot 
before  mentioned,  drew  one  hundred  and  sixty  pounds ; 
the  difference  is  very  great.  Generally  the  number  of 
pounds  a bow  draws  is  inscribed  on  its  innerside  near  the 
handle,  and  the  numbers  most  commonly  used  are  those 
about  thirty-five  to  fifty.  But  it  is  better  to  haye  a bow 
which  is  a little  too  weak,  than  to  have  one  which  is  a lit- 
tle too  hard,  for  the  length  to  which  a bow  will  throw 
an  arrow  does  not  depend  upon  its  power  alone.  It  de- 
pends also  upon  the  firmness,  swiftness  and  pluck  with 
which  the  bow  is  drawn ; and  in  practising,  a bow  which 
is  too  hard,  presents  an  additional  and  entirely  unnec- 
essary difficulty. 

Construction  of  the  Boiv. — The  so-called  self -bows,  con- 
sists of  one  single  piece  of  wood,  measuring  six  feet  from 
notch  to  notch  of  the  horn  tips,  and  it  is  said  to  be  less 
liable  to  break  than  the  common  bow.  The  common 
bow  consists  of  two  pieces  of  wood,  the  two  limbs,  of 
which  the  upper  limb  is  a little  longer  than  the  lower. 
These  two  pieces  of  wood  are  dove-tailed  into  each  other 
by  deep  saw-tooth  notches  and  then  glued  together ; and 
the  connection  is  still  further  secured  by  a tight  wrapping 
of  hemp,  over  which  the  plush  handle  is  finally  glued,  so 
that  the  upper  edge  of  the  handle  falls  exactly  in  the 
center  of  the  bow.  The  flat  outerside  of  the  bow  is  called 
the  back,  the  rounded  innerside  the  belly,  and  a backed 
bow  means  one  whose  outerside  is  strengthened  through- 
out by  an  additional  layer  of  another  kind  of  wood.  The 
imported  bows  are  generally  made  of  lemonwood,  lance- 
wood,  yew,  or  snakewood ; our  domestic  bows,  of  im- 
ported lancewood,  mulberry,  sassafras,  southern  cedar, 
locust,  walnut,  elm,  or  ash.  A bow  of  snakewood  backed 
with  hickory  is  considered  a particularly  fine  instru- 
ment, the  snakewood  giving  elasticity  and  springiness, 
the  hickory,  toughness.  But  a backed  bow  is  very  liable 


18 


THE  ARCHERY. 


to  break  when  the  string  happens  to  burst,  because  the 
sudden  recoil  affects  the  two  kinds  of  wood  differently  on 
account  of  their  different  amount  of  elasticity. 

The  Old  Bow  and  the  New . — The  weak  point  in  this 
bow,  just  described,  is  the  handles,  where  the  limbs  are 
joined  together.  The  heat  and  perspiration  of  the  hand 
cause  the  glue  to ‘dissolve  and  a break  ensues.  In  the 
self -bow,  however,  this  danger  is  much  less  and  it  may  be 

prevented  altogether  by  put- 
ting on  a glove.  But  there  is 
here  another  difficulty  which 
it  has  proved  much  harder 
to  overcome  ; the  spring  which 
drives  the  arrow,  moves  in 
the  exact  direction  of  the  cen- 
ter of  the  bow.  But  the  ar- 
row does  not  pass  the  center 
of  the  bow,  but  by  the  side 
of  it.  Hence  a curve  is  pro- 
duced in  the  very  starting  of 
the  arrow,  and  to  take  due 
account  of  this  curve,  is  one 
of  the  greatest  difficulties 
in  archery.  It  has  always 
been  felt  thus,  and  from  the 
oldest  times  attempts  have 
been  made  to  obviate  it.  In 
Assyrian  and  Egyptian  repre- 
sentations of  archers,  in 
Greek  bas-reliefs  and  statu- 
aries, we  meet' with  the  most  singular  constructions  of 
bows,  bows  with  straight  center-piece  and  the  limbs 
curiously  bent  in  the  shape  of  wings,  etc.,  and  it  is  evi- 
dent that  this  weakness  and  difficulty  of  the  center 
of  the  bow  was  very  vividly  felt.  The  idea  was,  of 


SHOOTING  WITH  THE  IMPROVED 
BOW. 


TIIE  ARCHERY. 


19 


course,  to  have  the  center-piece  as  strong  as  possible  by 
making  it  of  metal,  and  at  the  same  time  make  it  as 
slender  as  possible  in  order  to  bring  the  arrow  nearer  the 
plane  of  sight.  It  seems,  however,  that  the  improved 
bow,  patented  by  Messrs.  Wright  and  Thorne,  and  intro- 
duced by  the  Orange  Judd  Company,  has  succeeded  in 
solving  the  problem ; the  center-piece  is  here  made  of 
metal,  and,  as  the  illustration  shows  on  opposite  page, 
this  arrow  is  thereby  made  to  pass  through  a fixed  bear- 
ing in  the  center  of  the  bow,  starting  immediately  in  a 
straight  line  without  any  curving.  Another  great  advan- 
tage with  this  bow,  is,  that  being  made  in  sections,  it  is 
easier  to  pack  and  carry,  and  if  any  part  of  it  should  hap- 
pen to  break,  a small  expense  is  only  required  to  replace  it. 

How  to  String  the  Boiv. — When  not  in  use,  the  bow 
should  always  be  kept  unstrung  ; else  it  will  settle  in  the 


BOW,  UNSTRUNG. 


deeper  curve  and  lose  in  power  and  springiness.  When 
about  to  string,  or  as  it  is  called,  to  brace  the  bow,  grasp 
the  handle  with  the  left  hand,  the  back  of  the  bow  turned 
towards  you  ; place  the  lower  tip  securely  on  the  ground 
leaning  firmly  against  the  inner  side  of  the  left  foot, 
so  as  not  to  slip  ; lay  the  heel  of  the  right  hand  on  the 
back  of  the  upper  limb,  with  the  thumb  and  fingers  just 
below  the  eye  of  the  string  ; pull  the  handle  towards  you 
with  the  left  hand  and  push  the  upper  limb  from  you 
with  the  right  hand,  and  while  the  bow  is  thus  bending, 
let  the  eye  of  the  string  smoothly  slide  into  the  notch. 
When  strung,  hold  the  bow  perpendicularly  in  front  of 
you,  to  see  whether  the  string  falls  exactly  in  the  place 
of  the  center  of  the  bow.  If  it  does  not,  fix  it  by  chang- 
ing its  position  at  the  notches.  When  unstringing  the 
bow,  hold  it  in  exactly  the  same  position  as  when  string- 


20 


THE  ARCHERY. 


ing  it,  and  when  the  eye  of  the  string  gets  loose,  slip  it 
out  of  the  notch  and  let  it  slide  down  the  upper  limb  as 
far  as  the  green  band,  drawn  through  the  eye  and  a small 
hole  m the  upper  tip,  will  allow. 

How  to  Preserve  the  Bow . — As  a good  violin  grows 
better  by  being  played  upon,  and  a good  violinist  plays 
best  on  his  own  fiddle,  so  a good  bow  becomes  better  by 
being  shot  with,  and  a good  archer  shoots  his  best  by  his 
own  bow.  There  is  much  in  thoroughly  knowing  the  in- 
dividual instrument  we  are  using,  and,  if  the  ballads  are 
to  be  relied  upon  in  this  particular  case,  a peculiar  inti- 
macy is  apt  to  grow  up  between  the  bow-man  and  his 
bow.  In  his  hand  it  will  do  what  it  will  not  do  in  any- 
body else’s  hand,  as  if  there  were  a sympathetic  corres- 
pondence between  the  tension  of  its  fibres  and  the  tension 
of  his  muscles,  as  if  it  knew  him  as  well  as  he  knows  it. 
But  would  it  not  be  a pity  if  a bow  should  begin  to  decay 
the  same  day  the  bow-man  began  to  understand  it,  and 
break  to  pieces  the  same  day  it  had  become  dear  to  him. 
At  all  events,  what  is  worth  having,  is  worth  preserving, 
therefore,  keep  the  bow  away  from  the  damp  air  of  the 
hall- way  and  the  heat  of  the  parlor  fire.  Wipe  it  per- 
fectly dry,  when  it  lias  become  wet.  Rub  it  with  the 
hand  or  treat  it  to  a little  beeswax  before  bracing  it  in 
frosty  weather.  When  not  in  use,  keep  it  always  in  its 
green  baize  bag,  to  shelter  it  against  scratches.  With 
the  scratch  comes  the  freate,  and  when  the  freate  has 
come,  ruin  is  only  a question  of  time. 

2. — The  Arrow  ahd  the  String. 

The  Arrow. — The  wooden  shaft  of  an  arrow  is  called 
the  shele,  and  is  provided  at  the  one  end  with  a notch,  fit- 
ting the  bow-string,  and  cut  either  in  the  wood  itself  or 
m a piece  of  horn  or  metal  nock  set  into  the  shele,  and  at 
the  other  end  with  a blunt  steel  cap,  called  the  pile,  for 


THE  ARCHERY. 


21 


target  shooting,  or  a flat,  barbed  point  for  hunting.  The 
sliele  should  be  about  twenty-eight  inches  long,  and  about 
one-third  of  an  inch  in  diameter,  perfectly  straight,  and 
made  of  hard  wood.  One  of  the  most  important  features, 
however,  of  the  arrow,  is  its  feathering.  Three  rows  of 
feathers  are  placed  longitudinally  on  the  notch-end  of  the 
sliele,  beginning  about  one  and  a quarter  inches  from  the 
notch,  at  equal  distances  from  each  other,  but  so  that  one 


of  them,  the  so-called  cock-feather,  that  one  which,  when 
shooting,  is  turned  out  from  the  bow  to  the  left,  forms 
right  angles  with  the  notch.  The  task  of  the  feathers  is 
to  steady  the  flight  of  the  arrow,  just  as  that  of  the  rud- 
der is  to  steady  the  course  of  the  ship.  A ruffled  or 
spoiled  feathering  cannot  fail,  therefore,  to  impair  the 
shot,  and  as  the  old  method  of  feathering  an  arrow  from 
the  vane  of  a goose  quill  has  proved  very  inconvenient, 
on  account  of  the  feathers  being  so  easily  injured,  the 
Orange  Judd  Company  have,  among  their  other  improved 
archery  goods,  introduced  an  arrow  feathered  with  a pe- 
culiar kind  of  fine  hair  cloth  made  specially  for  this  pur- 
pose. It  lasts  much  longer  and  has  exactly  the  same 
effect. 

The  String . — Bow-strings  are  made  of  hemp  or  flax, 
and  come  from  the  manufacturer  provided  with  a loop  or 

ULLLHiM  1.  1 Lf  1-u  . . i . i . 

BOW-STRING. 

notch  at  the  one  end,  and  wrapped  for  about  six  inches 
in  the  middle  with  thread  or  silk,  in  order  to  prevent 
this  part  of  the  strings  from  being  worn  out  by  the  notch 


22 


THE  ARCHERY. 


of  the  arrow,  the  fingers,  or  the  baize.  When  the  bow  is 
strung,  that  part  of  the  string  should  be  found  which  is  ex- 
actly opposite  to  the  center  of  the  bow,  and  often  worked 
with  a red-colored  silk  thread,  in  order  to  be  always  used 
as  the  notching  place  of  the  arrow.  If  a string  begins  to 
fray  in  some  spot,  the  place  should  immediately  he 
wrapped  over  with  thread  or  silk,  and  well  waxed,  and  if 
the  string  shows  signs  of  giving  way,  it  should  immedi- 
ately be  removed.  The  sudden  recoil  caused  by  the 
bursting  of  the  string  is  very  liable  to  break  the  bow,  es- 
pecially a strong-backed  one. 

3. — The  Target  and  Minor  Tackle. 


The  Target . — A target  is  a circular  disk  made  of  straw 
and  covered  with  canvass.  The  diameter  varies  with  the 

distance,  from  one  foot  for 
fifteen  yards,  and  two  feet 
Tor  twenty  yards,  to  three 
feet  for  forty  yards,  and 
four  feet  for  fifty  or  one 
hundred  yards.  The  front 
cover  is  painted  with  four 
equal  rings  around  the  gild- 
ed center  or  the  gold,  res- 
pectively colored  red,  blue, 
black,  and  white.  The  gold 
scores  nine  points,  the  red 
; seven,  the  blue  five,  the 


TARGET-STAND,  FOLDED. 


black  three,  and  the  white  one.  To  the  target  be- 
longs an  easel  or  stand  on  which  to  place  it.  Also,  with 
respect  to  the  target  and  target-stand,  the  improved 


THE  ARCHERY. 


23 


arch  cry  goods  of  the  Orange  Judd  Company  have  com- 
bined valuable  improvements,  making  the  target-disk  of 
coarse  Excelsior,  and  the  target-stand  to  fold  up,  which 
makes  them  much  more  convenient  to  carry. 

The  Shooting- Glove. — The  shooting-glove  consists  of 
three  thimbles  of  stiff,  smootli  leather,  made 
by  means  of  elastic  stitches  to  conform  per- 
fectly to  the  size  of  the  fingers,  and  held  in 
proper  position  by  strips  of  soft  leather  gather- 
ed by  a wristband  around  the  wrist.  The 
office  of  this  shooting-glove  is  to  protect  the 
three  fingers  of  the  right  hand  with  which  the 
string  is  drawn.  But  any  glove  will  do  the 
same  work,  and  no  glove  is,  of  course,  the 
best,  if  the  fingers  can  stand  the  wear  of  the  string. 

The  Bracer. — The  bracer,  or  arm-guard,  is  a piece  of 
heavy,  but  highly  polished  leather,  fastened  by  means  of 
elastic  bands  around  the  wrist  and  fore- 
arm of  the  left  arm  which  holds  the 
bow,  in  order  to  protect  it  from  the  very 
heavy  blows  of  the  string  when  let  loose. 

The  bracer  is  not  a piece  of  over-refine- 
ment or  effeminacy,  but  absolutely  neces- 
sary, as  the  young  archer  soon  will  recog- 
nize, and  the  archers  of  old  times  were  often  exceedingly 
prodigal  in  the  ornamental  outfit  of  their  bracers. 

The  Quiver. — The  quiver  is  a hollow  tube,  closed  at 
the  lower  end,  made  of  tin  or  leather,  and  destined  to 
hold  three  or  four  arrows.  It  is  suspended  to  the  belt, 
and  worn  conveniently  on  the  back  to  the  right,  with  the 
arrow-heads  pointing  forwards.  To  the  belt  is  also  sus- 
pended a small  cup  of  ebony  or  ivory,  containing  a com- 
position of  bees-wax  and  lard,  with  which  to  treat  the 


24 


THE  ARCHERY. 


string  and  the  arrow-notch,  or  eyen  the  how  and  the 
finger-tips.  The  archer’s  belt,  worn  around  the  waist. 


BELT  AND  QUIVER. 


TIN  QUIVER— GREASE  POT. 


and  his  quivers,  are,  as  is  easily  seen,  capable  of  the  most 
fanciful  and  artistic  ornamentation. 

Preparing  to  Shoot . — With  the  bow,  strung  and  held 
by  the  handle  in  a horizontal  position,  take  your  stand  in 
front  of  the  target,  turning  the  left  side  towards  the 
target  and  the  face  over  the  left  shoulder  so  as  to  face 
the  target  directly.  The  position  must  be  erect  and  free, 
giving  full  play  to  the  muscles  of  the  chest,  shoulders, 
and  arms.  The  legs  must  be  firmly  planted,  with  the 
feet  flat  on  the  ground,  the  heels  six  inches  apart,  and  the 
left  foot  a little  advanced  towards  the  target.  Place  the 
arrow  in  the  fixed  bearing  of  the  center,  or,  if  an  old 
bow  is  used,  in  the  groove  formed  by  the  upper  limb  of 
the  bow  and  the  first  fingers  of  the  left  hand.  Notch 
the  arrow  at  the  point  of  the  string  marked  with  the  red 
silk-thread,  and  with  the  cock-feather  turned  upwards  ; 
bring  the  bow  into  a vertical  position  and  raise  it  in 
height  with  the  shoulder,  keeping  the  arrow  securely  in 
the  notching  place  by  holding  it  between  the  first  and 
the  second  finger  of  the  right  hand,  and  drawing  the 
string  slowly  back  with  the  three  first  fingers  of  the  right 
hand.  At  this  moment  look  at  the  center  of  the  target. 


THE  ARCHERY. 


25 


and  not  at  tho  bow  or  the  arrow  or  anything  else,  and 
when  the  attention  becomes  so  concentrated  on  this  one 
point  that  the  center  of  the  target  is  the  only  thing  you 
distinctly  see,  then  draw  the  string  until  you  feel  the 
thumb  of  the  right  hand  at  the  top  of  the  right  ear, 
when  an  arrow  of  twenty-eight  inches’  length  will  be 
drawn  to  the  head,  and  let  go. 

The  Flight  of  the  Arrow . — In  starting  the  arrow,  two 
things  must  be  taken  into  consideration  ; the  elevation 
and  the  direction.  The  course  of  an  arrow  is  parabolic, 
and  when  the  distance  is  long,  and  tbe  bow  comparatively 
weak,  a great  allowance  must  be  made  for  the  falling  of 
the  arrow.  A slight  elevation  must  in  all  cases  be  given 
to  the  arrow,  and  to  manage  this  point  rightly  is  a matter 
of  long  practice  and  of  intimate  acquaintance  with  the 
bow  used.  It  depends  upon  a kind  of  intuition  which  is 
one  of  the  principal  characteristics  of  a great  archer. 
The  direction  may  be  materially  affected  by  the  wind, 
especially  when  the  arrow  is  light  and  strongly  feathered, 
and  this  too,  is  a difficulty  which  cannot  be  overcome  by 
rules,  but  must  Tee  mastered  with  that  feeling  of  what  is 
the  right  thing  to  do,  with  that  tact  which  only  practice 
and  experience  give.  Many  other  things  of  the  same  or 
a similar  kind  may  occur  in  shooting  with  the  bow.  The 
three  fingers  with  which  the  string  is  drawn  back,  must 
be  placed  over  the  string  at  a point  sideways  between  the 
tips  and  the  first  knuckle.  If  too  near  the  tips,  the  fin- 
gers have  not  strength  enough  ; if  too  near  the  knuckle, 
they  cannot  slip  the  string  easily  enough,  but  will  make 
it  roll,  which  imparts  a singular  jerking  and  unsteadiness 
to  the  arrow,  called  wabbling.  The  same  effect  may  be 
produced  by  notching  the  arrow  a little  too  high  or  a 
little  too  low  ; by  a t slight  displacement  of  the  string  in 
the  upper  or  lower  notch  ; by  the  feathers  of  the  arrow 
being  not  perfectly  straight,  a little  ruffled,  wet,  etc. 

.2 


26 


THE  ARCHERY. 


Target- Shooting  .—In  target-shooting,  two  targets  are 
generally  used,  called  respectively  the  ends,  and  placed 
opposite  each  other  at  the  distance  agreed  upon.  When 
each  of  the  shooting  party  has  shot  the  number  of  arrows 
agreed  upon,  the  party  advances  to  the  end  ; the  ar- 
rows are  extracted  and  noted  down  in  the  score-book, 
and  the  shooting  is  now  continued  from  this  end,  in 
opposite  direction. 

Butt- Shooting. — Butts  are  oblong  squares,  eight  feet 
long,  five  feet  wide,  and  seven  feet  high,  built  of  long 
sods  of  turf  pressed  together  and  tapering  gradually  from 
the  bottom  to  the  top.  When  more  than  two  are  wanted, 
they  are  arranged  in  sets,  each  set  consisting  of  four, 
placed  at  a distance  of  thirty  yards  from  each  other,  and 
forming  a chain  of  lengths  of  thirty,  sixty,  ninety,  and 
one  hundred,  and  twenty  yards,  but  so  disposed  as  not  to 
stand  in  the  way  of  the  archers  when  shooting  at  any  of 
the  lengths.  The  mark  is  a circular  piece  of  thin,  white 
paste-board,  fastened  by  a peg  through  the  middle  to  the 
front  of  the  butt,  and  varying  in  size  according  to  the 
distance,  four  inches  in  diameter  for  thirty  yards,  eight 
for  sixty,  etc.  Only  those  shots  are  scored  which  hit  the 
mark,  and  the  greatest  number  wins. 

Roving , Flight , and  Clout  Shooting . — By  the  first 
method  the  archers  rove  about  from  place  to  place,  with 
no  fixed  target,  but  shooting  at  trees  or  any  other  object. 
The  distance  varies  from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred 
yards,  and  all  arrows  falling  withing  five  bows’  length 
are  scored.  The  winner  of  the  first  shot  chooses  the 
next,  and  so  on.  Flight  shooting  is  simply  a trial  of  dis- 
tance ; the  longest  shot  wins.  The  Clout  is  a small  white 
target  of  paste-board,  about  twelve  inches  in  diameter, 
and  fastened  to  a stick  stuck  into  the  ground  ; it  is  only 
a form  of  Roving. 


THE  ARCHERY. 


27 


The  Ascham. — An  Ascham,  thus  called  after  Roger 
Ascham,  one  of  the  earliest  writers  on  Archery,  means 
sometimes  a small  portable  case,  made  of  light  boards, 
like  a violin  case,  and  destined  to  carry  fine  bows  and 
arrows  in ; but  oftener  a larger  piece  of  furniture,  six  and 
a half  feet  high,  two  or  more  feet  broad,  and  one  foot 
deep,  destined  to  keep  all  archery  tackle  in  far  better 
preservation. 


SCORING-  CARD. 


28 


THE  ARCHERY. 


ORGANIZING  ARCHERY  CLUBS. 


An  Archery  Association  may  be  made  up  of  any  even 
number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen,  from  two  upwards,  and 
all  ages,  from  the  youngest  to  the  oldest,  may  be  repre- 
sented. Its  organization  can  be  effected  by  the  election 
of  officers,  as  follows  : a President,  Vice-President, 
Secretary,  and  Treasurer. 

By-Laws  can  be  adopted  according  to  the  requirements 
of  the  association,  and  they  can  of  course  be  varied  by 
the  circumstances  of  the  members. 

To  aid  in  the  organization  of  an  Archery  Club,  we 
give  the  following  rules,  which  will  be  found  very 
valuable  : 

1.  A Lady  Paramount  (Captain)  to  be  elected,  whose 
term  of  office  is  to  be  one  year. 

2.  Club  meetings  to  be  held  each  year  at  the 

house  of  the  President,  unless  otherwise  appointed. 
Each  member  must  be  promptly  at  the  place  of  meeting 

at o’clock.  Shooting  to  commence  at o’clock, 

and  end  at o’clock. 

3.  Each  member  who  engages  in  shooting  must  appear 
in  the  Club  uniform. 

4.  At  least  five  days  before  each  Club  meeting,  the 
Secretary  shall  notify  the  members  of  the  time  and  place 
of  meeting  through  cards,  or  otherwise. 

5.  Two  prizes  for  ladies  and  two  for  gentlemen  shall 
be  shot  for  at  each  meeting.  One  shall  be  for  hits,  the 
other  for  numbers.  No  person  shall  be  permitted  to 
take  both  at  one  meeting. 


THE  ARCHERY. 


29 


6.  If  a tie  occurs  for  numbers,  hits  shall  settle  it ; and 
if  a tie  for  bits,  numbers  shall  settle  it. 

7.  From  the  decision  of  the  Lady  Paramount,  there 
shall  be  no  appeal. 

8.  At  every  meeting,  one  prize  shall  be  offered  for 
strangers. 

9.  The  Club  shall  have  a challenge  prize  of  the  value 

of  dollars,  and  to  this  every  winner  shall  add  a 

commemorative  silver  ornament. 

10.  The  shooting  distance  shall  be  fifty  (or  or 

),  and  one  hundred  yards,  and  feet  targets 

shall  be  used. 

11.  Each  archer  shall  shoot arrows,  so  marked  as 

to  be  distinguished  from  all  others. 

12.  No  archer  shall  exchange  bows  with  another,  or 
shoot  with  the  bow  of  another,  unless  his  own  be  broken 
at  the  meeting.  The  penalty  shall  be  the  placing  in  the 

hands  of  the  Lady  Paramount  the  sum  of  dollars, 

to  be  expended  for  prizes. 

13.  A deposit  of  the  sum  of  shall  be  made  with 

the  Lady  Paramount  at  each  meeting,  by  each  male  mem- 
ber, for  prizes. 


It  will  be  understood  that  the  above  rules  are  given 
simply  as  suggestions  to  those  who  are  about  forming 
clubs,  and  to  aid  such  in  making  regulations  according 
to  the  requirements  of  their  several  cases. 


30 


THE  ARCHERY. 


REGULATIONS  IN  SHOOTING. 


1.  All  doubtful  or  disputed  points  shall  be  determined 
by  the  Lady  Paramount. 

2.  The  committee  may  appoint  a gentleman  who  shall 
call  up  the  shooters,  and  direct  as  to  the  spot  where  they 
shall  stand.  To  overstep  the  mark,  or  fail  to  answer  the 
call,  shall  involve  the  loss  of  one’s  turn  ; shooters  to  file 
to  the  right  after  shooting,  and  the  next  in  order  to  take 
the  vacated  place. 

3.  Each  target  shall  be  in  charge  of  a marker  desig- 
nated for  that  duty,  and  he  alone  shall  remove  the  ar- 
rows, and  call  their  value,  and  their  owners’  names. 

4.  Every  shooter  shall  have  his  arrows  distinctly 
marked. 

5.  The  following  shall  be  the  reckoning  of  the  score  : 
Gold,  9 ; Red,  7 ; Blue,  5 ; Black,  3 ; White,  1.  When 
an  arrow  cuts  the  line  between  two  colors,  it  shall  count 
the  highest ; the  prize  to  be  taken  by  the  highest  score. 

6.  The  Club  shall  regulate  the  distances  at  which  the 
targets  shall  be  pitched. 

7.  It  is  customary,  and  desirable  in  shooting,  to  have 
one  target  at  each  end  of  the  ground,  instead  of  one 
alone.  The  convenience  of  such  an  arrangement  is 
obvious. 


PRICE-LIST  OF  BOWS. 


ALL  WEIGHTED. 

Second  Growth  Ash , Varnished , Japan  Center , and  Nickel-Plated  Tips. 


No.  1,  3 ft.  0 in 

$1.00 

No.  5,  5 ft.  0 in  

$2.00 

No.  2,  3 " 0 44 

1.25 

No.  0,  5 44  0 ‘* 

. 2.25 

No.  3,  4 44  0 44  

1.50 

No.  7,  0 44  0 ' 

. 2.50 

No.  4,  4 “ 0 “ 

1.75 

No.  8,  6 4*  6 4‘  Extra  Heavy... 

. 3.00 

Second  Growth  Ash , 

Stained  and  Polished , Nickel-Plated  Center  and  Tips. 

No.  9,  3 ft.  0 in 

$1.50 

No.  13,  5 ft.  0 in 

$2.50 

No.  10,  3 “ 6 “ 

No.  14,  5 44  0 44  

. 2.75 

No.  11,  4 44  0 44  

2.00 

No.  15,  6 44  0 4' 

3.00 

No.  12,  4 44  6 44  

2.25 

No.  16,  0 44  0 4'  Extra  Heavy 

. 3 50 

Self -Lance  Wood , Highly  Finished , Nickel-Plated  Center  and  Tips. 

No.  17,  3 ft,  0 in 

$2.00 

No.  21,  5 ft.  0 in 

$1.50 

No  18  3 44  6 44 

2.50 

No.  22,  5 '4  0 ‘ 

5.25 

No.  19.  4 4 4 0 44  

No.  23,  6 " 0 44 

. 6.00 

No.  20,  4 4 4 6 44  

No.  24,  6 44  O'4  Extra  Heavy 

7.00 

The  length,  as  above  given,  does  not  Include  the  metallic  center-piece, 
which  is  about  6 inches  long. 

Each  of  the  above  varieties  are  packed  in  a neat  hinge-cover  box  containing 
% doz.  Bows.  Price  of  box,  12)4  cents. 


ARROWS. 


ALL  LOADED. 

No.  1.  Per  Doz. 

in.  2 Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  & Nocks,  Varnished,  Price $2.25 

44  44  “ “ “ “ 2.50 

“ 44  “ 44  “ 44  2.75 

“ 44  “ *£  4'  • “ 3.00 

“ ” 44  " “ 44  3.25 

No.  3. 

in.  2 Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Brass  Points  & Nocks,  Stained,  Striped, Varnishd,  $3.25 
“ “ “ “ “ " “ 3.50 

4‘  “ “ 11  “ “ 44  3.75 

c.  u “ ..  “ (.  ..  400 

50  cents  extra  charge  for  Nickel-Plated  Points  and  Nocks. 

No.  3. 

in.  2 Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Nickel-Plated  Points  & Nocks,  Highly  Finished,  $4.00 
“ “ “ “ u “ 4.50 

44  44  “ “ “ 44  5.00 

44  44  4*  44  44  u 5.50 

No.  4. 

in.  2 Hair  Cloth  Wings,  Nickel-Plated  Points  & Nocks,  Ebonized  & Gilt,  $4.50 
14  “ “ 44  44  “ 5.00 

4*  4i  44  44  “ “ 5.50 

“■  44  - 44  41  0.00 
If  three  or  four  winged  arrows  are  desired,  an  extra  charge  of  50  cents  per 
dozen  will  be  added  to  the  above  prices. 

[see  next  page.] 


TARGETS. 


12  in.  Diameter,  Extra  Quality  (See  Description),  each. 
15  44  “ k‘  44  “ . 

18  4' 

21  44  44  “ 

24  “ 

27  “ “ “ 

30  44 
33  44 


ODELCS 

bqo;b 

k STOP1 


Oil-cloth  Target  Faces,  first  quality,  one-fourth  above  prices. 
Paper  Target  Faces,  finely  finished,  one-sixth  price  of  target. 


rr*V 

; »=•»■ V 

iNGERSOLt-  I 


TARGET  STANDS. 


3 ft>  0 in. 

4 44  O44 
4 44  0 41 
4 4*  6 44 

4 44  6 4‘ 

5 44  0 44 
5 44  0 44 
5 4'  6 44 

5 44  6 44 

6 44  0 44 
6 44  0 44 


Plain  Varnished 
Plain  Varnished 
Painted,  Striped, 
Plain,  Varnished 
Painted,  Striped, 
Plain,  Varnished 
Painted,  Striped, 
Plain,  Varnished 
Painted,  Striped, 
Plain,  Varnished 
Painted,  Striped, 


Wood,  White  Ash,  without 
Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
and  Varnished,  White  Ash 
Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
and  Varnished,  White  Ash 
Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
and  Varnished,  White  Ash, 
Wood,  White  Ash.  Folding 
and  Varnished,  White  Ash, 
Wood,  White  Ash,  Folding 
and  Varnished,  White  Ash, 


Folding  Legs,  each.. $0.90 

Legs,  each 1.25 

, Folding  Legs,  each.  1.75 

Legs,  each 1.50 

, Folding  Legs,  each . 2.00 

Legs,  each 1.75 

Folding  Legs,  each.  2.25 

Legs,  each 2.00 

Folding  Legs,  each.  2.50 

Legs,  each. 2.25 

Folding  Legs,  each.  2.75 


Youths’  and  Misses’,  No.  1,  12  inch. 

4 4 4 4 No.  2,  12  44  .. 


Ladies’ 


Gents’ 


No.  3,  12 
No.  1, 15 
No.  2, 15 
No.  3,  15 
No.  1,  10 
No.  2.  16 
No.  3,  16 


Arm  Guards. No.  1,  75c.  No.  2,  $1.00.  No.  3,  $1.25. 

Gloves  or  Finger  Tips,  No.  1,  75c.  No.  2.  $1.00.  No.  3,  $1.25. 

Fine  Bow  Strings,  20,  25,  30  and  35  cents  each. 

LIBERAL  DISCOUNTS  WILL  BE  MADE  TO  THE  TRADE. 

ORANGE  JUDD  COMPANY,  General  Agents, 

No.  245  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK. 

[SEE  PREVIOUS  PAGE.] 


We  also  manufacture  other  archery  goods,  not  'patented,  and  guarantee  them 
to  be  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  any  other  in  the  market,  and  at  lower  prices,  viz.: 

QUIVERS  AND  BELTS. 


2.75 


